Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	9
Number of observations	768
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	54.1 KiB
Average record size in memory	72.2 B

Variable types

Numeric	9

Alerts

`Pregnancies` is highly correlated with `Age`	High correlation
`SkinThickness` is highly correlated with `BMI`	High correlation
`BMI` is highly correlated with `SkinThickness`	High correlation
`Age` is highly correlated with `Pregnancies`	High correlation
`Pregnancies` is highly correlated with `Age`	High correlation
`SkinThickness` is highly correlated with `BMI`	High correlation
`BMI` is highly correlated with `SkinThickness`	High correlation
`Age` is highly correlated with `Pregnancies`	High correlation
`Pregnancies` is highly correlated with `Age`	High correlation
`Glucose` is highly correlated with `Insulin` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`BloodPressure` is highly correlated with `BMI`	High correlation
`SkinThickness` is highly correlated with `BMI`	High correlation
`Insulin` is highly correlated with `Glucose`	High correlation
`BMI` is highly correlated with `BloodPressure` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`DiabetesPedigreeFunction` is highly correlated with `BMI`	High correlation
`Age` is highly correlated with `Pregnancies`	High correlation
`Outcome` is highly correlated with `Glucose`	High correlation
`Pregnancies` has 111 (14.5%) zeros	Zeros
`Outcome` has 500 (65.1%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-10-06 18:38:57.780434
Analysis finished	2022-10-06 18:39:36.484501
Duration	38.7 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.1.0
Download configuration	config.json

Pregnancies
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	17
Distinct (%)	2.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.845052083

Minimum	0
Maximum	17
Zeros	111
Zeros (%)	14.5%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	1
median	3
Q3	6
95-th percentile	10
Maximum	17
Range	17
Interquartile range (IQR)	5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.369578063
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8763413316
Kurtosis	0.1592197775
Mean	3.845052083
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	0.9016739792
Sum	2953
Variance	11.35405632
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=17)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	135	17.6%
0	111	14.5%
2	103	13.4%
3	75	9.8%
4	68	8.9%
5	57	7.4%
6	50	6.5%
7	45	5.9%
8	38	4.9%
9	28	3.6%
Other values (7)	58	7.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	111	14.5%
1	135	17.6%
2	103	13.4%
3	75	9.8%
4	68	8.9%
5	57	7.4%
6	50	6.5%
7	45	5.9%
8	38	4.9%
9	28	3.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17	1	0.1%
15	1	0.1%
14	2	0.3%
13	10	1.3%
12	9	1.2%
11	11	1.4%
10	24	3.1%
9	28	3.6%
8	38	4.9%
7	45	5.9%

Glucose
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	136
Distinct (%)	17.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	121.6867628

Minimum	44
Maximum	199
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	44
5-th percentile	80
Q1	99.75
median	117
Q3	140.25
95-th percentile	181
Maximum	199
Range	155
Interquartile range (IQR)	40.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	30.43594887
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2501171711
Kurtosis	-0.2591586041
Mean	121.6867628
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	20
Skewness	0.53271866
Sum	93455.43381
Variance	926.3469834
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	17	2.2%
100	17	2.2%
111	14	1.8%
129	14	1.8%
125	14	1.8%
106	14	1.8%
112	13	1.7%
108	13	1.7%
95	13	1.7%
105	13	1.7%
Other values (126)	626	81.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
44	1	0.1%
56	1	0.1%
57	2	0.3%
61	1	0.1%
62	1	0.1%
65	1	0.1%
67	1	0.1%
68	3	0.4%
71	4	0.5%
72	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
199	1	0.1%
198	1	0.1%
197	4	0.5%
196	3	0.4%
195	2	0.3%
194	3	0.4%
193	2	0.3%
191	1	0.1%
190	1	0.1%
189	4	0.5%

BloodPressure
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	47
Distinct (%)	6.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	72.40518417

Minimum	24
Maximum	122
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	24
5-th percentile	52
Q1	64
median	72.20259209
Q3	80
95-th percentile	90
Maximum	122
Range	98
Interquartile range (IQR)	16

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	12.09634618
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1670646422
Kurtosis	1.097783722
Mean	72.40518417
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	7.797407913
Skewness	0.1373053674
Sum	55607.18145
Variance	146.321591
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=47)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
70	57	7.4%
74	52	6.8%
78	45	5.9%
68	45	5.9%
72	44	5.7%
64	43	5.6%
80	40	5.2%
76	39	5.1%
60	37	4.8%
72.40518417	35	4.6%
Other values (37)	331	43.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
24	1	0.1%
30	2	0.3%
38	1	0.1%
40	1	0.1%
44	4	0.5%
46	2	0.3%
48	5	0.7%
50	13	1.7%
52	11	1.4%
54	11	1.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
122	1	0.1%
114	1	0.1%
110	3	0.4%
108	2	0.3%
106	3	0.4%
104	2	0.3%
102	1	0.1%
100	3	0.4%
98	3	0.4%
96	4	0.5%

SkinThickness
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	50
Distinct (%)	6.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	29.06247353

Minimum	7
Maximum	63
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	7
5-th percentile	14.35
Q1	25
median	29.15341959
Q3	32
95-th percentile	44
Maximum	63
Range	56
Interquartile range (IQR)	7

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	8.420915872
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2897522079
Kurtosis	0.7860444004
Mean	29.06247353
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.846580407
Skewness	0.2219494157
Sum	22319.97967
Variance	70.91182413
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
29.15341959	228	29.7%
32	31	4.0%
30	27	3.5%
27	23	3.0%
23	22	2.9%
33	20	2.6%
28	20	2.6%
18	20	2.6%
31	19	2.5%
19	18	2.3%
Other values (40)	340	44.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	2	0.3%
8	2	0.3%
10	5	0.7%
11	6	0.8%
12	7	0.9%
13	11	1.4%
14	6	0.8%
15	14	1.8%
16	6	0.8%
17	14	1.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
63	1	0.1%
60	1	0.1%
56	1	0.1%
54	2	0.3%
52	2	0.3%
51	1	0.1%
50	3	0.4%
49	3	0.4%
48	4	0.5%
47	4	0.5%

Insulin
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	186
Distinct (%)	24.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	155.5482234

Minimum	14
Maximum	846
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	14
5-th percentile	50
Q1	121.5
median	155.5482234
Q3	155.5482234
95-th percentile	293
Maximum	846
Range	832
Interquartile range (IQR)	34.04822335

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	85.02110777
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5465900281
Kurtosis	15.18523275
Mean	155.5482234
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.5
Skewness	3.019083661
Sum	119461.0355
Variance	7228.588766
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
155.5482234	374	48.7%
105	11	1.4%
130	9	1.2%
140	9	1.2%
120	8	1.0%
94	7	0.9%
180	7	0.9%
100	7	0.9%
135	6	0.8%
115	6	0.8%
Other values (176)	324	42.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
14	1	0.1%
15	1	0.1%
16	1	0.1%
18	2	0.3%
22	1	0.1%
23	2	0.3%
25	1	0.1%
29	1	0.1%
32	1	0.1%
36	3	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
846	1	0.1%
744	1	0.1%
680	1	0.1%
600	1	0.1%
579	1	0.1%
545	1	0.1%
543	1	0.1%
540	1	0.1%
510	1	0.1%
495	2	0.3%

BMI
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	248
Distinct (%)	32.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	32.45746367

Minimum	18.2
Maximum	67.1
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	18.2
5-th percentile	22.235
Q1	27.5
median	32.4
Q3	36.6
95-th percentile	44.395
Maximum	67.1
Range	48.9
Interquartile range (IQR)	9.1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	6.875151328
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2118203504
Kurtosis	0.91949026
Mean	32.45746367
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4.6
Skewness	0.5982526551
Sum	24927.3321
Variance	47.26770578
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
32	13	1.7%
31.6	12	1.6%
31.2	12	1.6%
32.45746367	11	1.4%
32.4	10	1.3%
33.3	10	1.3%
30.1	9	1.2%
32.8	9	1.2%
32.9	9	1.2%
30.8	9	1.2%
Other values (238)	664	86.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
18.2	3	0.4%
18.4	1	0.1%
19.1	1	0.1%
19.3	1	0.1%
19.4	1	0.1%
19.5	2	0.3%
19.6	3	0.4%
19.9	1	0.1%
20	1	0.1%
20.1	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
67.1	1	0.1%
59.4	1	0.1%
57.3	1	0.1%
55	1	0.1%
53.2	1	0.1%
52.9	1	0.1%
52.3	2	0.3%
50	1	0.1%
49.7	1	0.1%
49.6	1	0.1%

DiabetesPedigreeFunction
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	517
Distinct (%)	67.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.4718763021

Minimum	0.078
Maximum	2.42
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.078
5-th percentile	0.14035
Q1	0.24375
median	0.3725
Q3	0.62625
95-th percentile	1.13285
Maximum	2.42
Range	2.342
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.3825

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.331328595
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.7021513764
Kurtosis	5.594953528
Mean	0.4718763021
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1675
Skewness	1.919911066
Sum	362.401
Variance	0.1097786379
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.258	6	0.8%
0.254	6	0.8%
0.268	5	0.7%
0.207	5	0.7%
0.261	5	0.7%
0.259	5	0.7%
0.238	5	0.7%
0.19	4	0.5%
0.263	4	0.5%
0.299	4	0.5%
Other values (507)	719	93.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.078	1	0.1%
0.084	1	0.1%
0.085	2	0.3%
0.088	2	0.3%
0.089	1	0.1%
0.092	1	0.1%
0.096	1	0.1%
0.1	1	0.1%
0.101	1	0.1%
0.102	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.42	1	0.1%
2.329	1	0.1%
2.288	1	0.1%
2.137	1	0.1%
1.893	1	0.1%
1.781	1	0.1%
1.731	1	0.1%
1.699	1	0.1%
1.698	1	0.1%
1.6	1	0.1%

Age
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	52
Distinct (%)	6.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	33.24088542

Minimum	21
Maximum	81
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	21
5-th percentile	21
Q1	24
median	29
Q3	41
95-th percentile	58
Maximum	81
Range	60
Interquartile range (IQR)	17

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11.76023154
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3537881556
Kurtosis	0.6431588885
Mean	33.24088542
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	7
Skewness	1.129596701
Sum	25529
Variance	138.3030459
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
22	72	9.4%
21	63	8.2%
25	48	6.2%
24	46	6.0%
23	38	4.9%
28	35	4.6%
26	33	4.3%
27	32	4.2%
29	29	3.8%
31	24	3.1%
Other values (42)	348	45.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
21	63	8.2%
22	72	9.4%
23	38	4.9%
24	46	6.0%
25	48	6.2%
26	33	4.3%
27	32	4.2%
28	35	4.6%
29	29	3.8%
30	21	2.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
81	1	0.1%
72	1	0.1%
70	1	0.1%
69	2	0.3%
68	1	0.1%
67	3	0.4%
66	4	0.5%
65	3	0.4%
64	1	0.1%
63	4	0.5%

Outcome
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.3489583333

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	500
Zeros (%)	65.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	1
95-th percentile	1
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.4769513772
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.366786036
Kurtosis	-1.600929755
Mean	0.3489583333
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	0.6350166434
Sum	268
Variance	0.2274826163
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=2)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	500	65.1%
1	268	34.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	500	65.1%
1	268	34.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	268	34.9%
0	500	65.1%

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	Pregnancies	Glucose	BloodPressure	SkinThickness	Insulin	BMI	DiabetesPedigreeFunction	Age	Outcome
0	6	148.0	72.000000	35.00000	155.548223	33.600000	0.627	50	1
1	1	85.0	66.000000	29.00000	155.548223	26.600000	0.351	31	0
2	8	183.0	64.000000	29.15342	155.548223	23.300000	0.672	32	1
3	1	89.0	66.000000	23.00000	94.000000	28.100000	0.167	21	0
4	0	137.0	40.000000	35.00000	168.000000	43.100000	2.288	33	1
5	5	116.0	74.000000	29.15342	155.548223	25.600000	0.201	30	0
6	3	78.0	50.000000	32.00000	88.000000	31.000000	0.248	26	1
7	10	115.0	72.405184	29.15342	155.548223	35.300000	0.134	29	0
8	2	197.0	70.000000	45.00000	543.000000	30.500000	0.158	53	1
9	8	125.0	96.000000	29.15342	155.548223	32.457464	0.232	54	1

Last rows

	Pregnancies	Glucose	BloodPressure	SkinThickness	Insulin	BMI	DiabetesPedigreeFunction	Age	Outcome
758	1	106.0	76.0	29.15342	155.548223	37.5	0.197	26	0
759	6	190.0	92.0	29.15342	155.548223	35.5	0.278	66	1
760	2	88.0	58.0	26.00000	16.000000	28.4	0.766	22	0
761	9	170.0	74.0	31.00000	155.548223	44.0	0.403	43	1
762	9	89.0	62.0	29.15342	155.548223	22.5	0.142	33	0
763	10	101.0	76.0	48.00000	180.000000	32.9	0.171	63	0
764	2	122.0	70.0	27.00000	155.548223	36.8	0.340	27	0
765	5	121.0	72.0	23.00000	112.000000	26.2	0.245	30	0
766	1	126.0	60.0	29.15342	155.548223	30.1	0.349	47	1
767	1	93.0	70.0	31.00000	155.548223	30.4	0.315	23	0

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows